The Critical Role of Zinc in Improving Public Health and Crop Quality: Examining Challenges and Strategies for Soil Enrichment in Developing Countries

Zinc (Zn) deficiency poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in vulnerable communities with limited access to Zn-rich foods. This review article critically examines the role of biofortification as a sustainable strategy to enhance Zn levels in agricultural products, thereby improving nutritional quality and addressing health disparities. We employed a comprehensive literature review, sourcing data from reputable scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on empirical studies that highlight effective biofortification methods. The findings reveal that integrating soil amendments, such as microbial inoculants and organic fertilizers, significantly enhances Zn availability, and uptake in crops. In addition, we explore the impact of crop rotation and intercropping systems on soil health and nutrient cycling, emphasizing the importance of diverse planting strategies. This article aims to provide actionable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of soil fertility, advocating for innovative approaches to combat Zn deficiency through enhanced agricultural practices. By synthesizing current research, we offer new strategies for optimizing Zn use in sustainable agriculture, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes and food security in affected communities. This review underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and public awareness initiatives to promote Zn-rich diets, thereby fostering resilience against nutritional deficiencies and enhancing overall community well-being.